|
Opium production in Burma (also known as Myanmar) has historically been a major contributor to the county's gross domestic product (GDP). Burma is the world's second largest producer of opium after Afghanistan, producing some 25% of the world's opium, and forms part of the Golden Triangle. The opium industry was a monopoly during colonial times and has since been illegally operated by corrupt officials in the Burmese military and rebel fighters,〔 primarily as the basis for heroin manufacture. Production is mainly concentrated in the Shan and Kachin states. Due to poverty, opium production is attractive to impoverished farmers as the financial return from poppy is 17 times more than that of rice. The yield during 2012 was 690 tons, valued at US $359 million.〔 Economic specialists indicate that recent trends in growth have the potential to increase the gap between the rich and the poor in the country, empowering criminal rackets at the expense of democracy. ==History== Opium has been present in Burma (now also known as Myanmar) since as early as the 1750s, during which the Kongbaug Dynasty was in power. The United States provided economic aid to Burma in 1948 to reduce the opium trade. Between 1974–78, Burma received eighteen helicopters from the US for opium caravan interception. In 1990, Myanmar was producing more than half of the world's opium. The percentage dropped to one third by 1998. In 1999, the country reported a goal to become opium-free by 2014.〔 According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, it is estimated that in 2005 there was some dedicated to opium cultivation in Burma. According to a United Nations report, opium production has increased every year since then and as of 2012 had increased to around . There is a crackdown on the trade and since 1998 production in Burma has fallen overall by some 83% as of 2012; and in 2012 alone some of poppy fields had been eradicated, but the general trend is a steady increase in production according to recent surveys.〔 As of 2012, some 300,000 households in Burma were involved in the industry. As of 2012, China had over 1.1 million registered drug addicts and accounted for over 70 per cent of all heroin consumption in the Asia-Pacific region.〔 In 2012, Myanmar produced 690 metric tons with a value of approximately $359 million. Burma is also one of three countries of the golden "triangle" with Thailand and Laos forming the other two arms, where opium production accounted for about 50% of the world's consumption in 1990 but was reduced to about 33% by 1998.〔 Myanmar part of this triangle is reported to be a lawless region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Opium production in Myanmar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|